Introduction In the context of the current geopolitical situation and the increasing significance of maritime spaces, ensuring the security of sea borders and protecting the national interests of the Russian Federation are priority tasks. Unmanned boats (UBs) play an important role in solving these tasks, designed to perform a wide range of operations, including patrolling, reconnaissance, detection and destruction of surface and underwater targets, protection of port waters and important infrastructure facilities. Unmanned boats are a specialized, reusable device with dimensions up to 11 meters in length, 2 meters in width, and 1.9 meters in height [1-4].The relevance of this research is due to the need to create efficient and flexible production facilities to meet the needs of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for modern UBs. Traditional approaches to shipbuilding, based on the construction and operation of large stationary shipyards, are characterized by high capital intensity, long construction times, dependence on infrastructure, and limited mobility [5].Research objective: to develop and justify a concept for a modular container shipyard that ensures high operational efficiency and economic efficiency in the production of UBs for the needs of the defense industry. Review of existing approaches and justification of the conceptAn analysis of existing methods for organizing shipbuilding production shows that traditional shipyards do not always meet the requirements for deployment speed and mobility [6], especially in a rapidly changing geopolitical environment. Alternative approaches exist, such as block shipbuilding, but they also require significant capital investment and infrastructure.The concept of a modular container shipyard represents an innovative approach that overcomes the limitations of traditional methods. The basis of the shipyard is standardized 20- and 40-foot shipping containers, adapted to perform individual technological operations. This approach provides:– mobility: the shipyard can be quickly deployed anywhere there is access to a body of water and the ability to connect to electricity and other utilities;– scalability: production capacity is easily adapted to changing needs by adding or removing containers;– economic efficiency: reduced capital costs through the use of ready-made modules and the optimization of technological processes;– rapid deployment: the time to commissioning is significantly reduced compared to the construction of a traditional shipyard. Methodology: structure and technological flow of the modular shipyardThe implementation of the modular container shipyard concept involves the formation of a production complex consisting of interconnected specialized modules. Structural organizationThe basic configuration of the shipyard (estimated production capacity of 10-15 UBs per year) includes the following key functional areas (Table 1). Table 1Functional structure of the modular container shipyardZone (module)Typical containerKey functionEquipment (examples)Raw material warehouse2×40-ft HCStorage and accounting of composite materials, metal, componentsShelving, accounting system (QR codes/RFID), forklift, scales, electric stackerMaterial preparation1×40-ft HCCutting, trimmingof composites and metalAutomated cutting machine, plasma cutting machine, milling machineRaw material warehouse2×40-ft HCStorage and accounting of composite materials, metal, componentsShelving, accounting system (QR codes/RFID), forklift, scales, electric stackerMaterial preparation1×40-ft HCCutting, trimming of composites and metalAutomated cutting machine, plasma cutting machine, milling machineMolding / laminating1×40-ft HCVacuum forming, laminating, temperature controlVacuum bags, thermochambers, resin supply systemsHull assembly2×40-ft HCAssembly of hull sections, connecting elements, grinding, sealingSlipways, lifting mechanisms, welding equipmentElectrical installation1×20-ft HCLaying cables, installing electronics, checking electrical circuitsElectrician workstations, measuring instruments, testing equipmentMechanical installation1×20-ft HCInstalling engines, propulsion systems, steering, mechanical unitsTools, equipment for installing engines, shafts of various compositions, propellersSensor installation1×20-ft HCMounting navigation equipment, sensors, cameras, control systemsWorkstations, tools, calibration equipmentTesting and finishing1×40-ft HCTesting, calibration, painting, final assemblyTest benches, checking the alignment of the shaft line, paint booth, external environment simulatorsAdministration, management and auxiliary2×20-ft HC + 1×40-ft HCOffice, quality control, workshop, power unit, sanitary and domestic module, control and design centerOffice furniture, measuring equipment, diesel generator, compressors  Each container is a specialized module, optimized for performing specific technological operations [7]. Automation and robotization of technological processes allow for increased productivity, reduced labor costs, and ensuring high product quality. Technological flowThe technological flow of UB production at the modular shipyard is organized according to the principle of a linear-parallel structure (Fig. 1). Materials enter the raw material warehouse, where they undergo incoming inspection. Then the raw materials go to the preparation area, where cutting and processing are carried out. Workpieces are transferred to the molding area, where hull elements are formed. Finished elements are assembled into hull sections, which are then joined in the assembly area. At the next stages, equipment installation, electrical installation, mechanical installation, and sensor installation take place. At the final stage, tests, finishing, and painting are carried out.Fig. 1. Diagram of the UBs production process at the modular shipyard A key element in increasing efficiency is the organization of continuous quality control at each stage of production [8]. This allows for the timely identification and elimination of defects, as well as ensuring that the products meet the requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.Deployment timesAn estimate of the time for deploying a modular shipyard (taking into account the parallelization of work) shows that realistic commissioning times are 12-20 weeks. This includes:– 14 days: transportation of containers to the site;– 4 days: installation of containers and site preparation;– 2 days: connection to the power supply;– 1 day: connection of water supply and sewage;– 30 days: configuration of equipment and software (estimated value, may vary); – 6 days: testing and calibration;– 5 days: additional time for unforeseen delays. Technical and economic justification To assess the economic efficiency of the proposed concept, an analysis of capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) costs was conducted. CAPEX assessmentThe CAPEX assessment is based on an analysisof the cost of equipment and site preparation expenses [9]. The basic configuration of the shipyard (14 containers) will require an investment of 42 790 000-114 920 000 rubles (Table 2). Within the framework of the technical and economic justification, the main components influencing CAPEX were analyzed (Fig. 2). Table 2Budget for the deployment of a container shipyard, rub.ItemMinimum estimateMaximum estimateContainers and equipment11 050 00031 400 000Purchase of boat equipment (first year)21 000 00031 500 000Purchase of raw materials (first year)5 990 00013 920 000Launch logistics (Auto/Rail/SMP)600 00027 100 000Design, documentation, commissioning650 0001 500 000Site infrastructure (foundation, utility connections)2 000 0005 000 000IT Infrastructure (servers, software, licenses)1 000 0003 000 000Security systems (fire, security, video surveillance)500 0001 500 000Total42 790 000114 920 000  Fig. 2. Structure of capital expenditures (CAPEX) OPEX assessmentThe assessment of operating costs (OPEX) includes costs for raw materials, materials, wages, electricity, equipment maintenance, and other expenses. A preliminary estimate of annual operating costs is 79 490 000-138 120 000 rubles (Table 3). Table 3Analysis of operating expenses (OPEX) considering projected inflation, rub.YearOPEX min OPEX max CAPEX minCAPEX max Total min Total max 179 490 000.0138 120 000.042 790 000.0114 920 000.0122 280 000.0253 040 000.0283 464 500.0145 026 000.00.00.083 464 500.0145 026 000.0387 637 725.0152 277 300.00.00.087 637 725.0152 277 300.0492 019 611.0159 891 165.00.00.092 019 611.0159 891 165.0596 620 592.0167 885 723.00.00.096 620 592.0167 885 723.0Total439 232 428.0763 200 188.042 790 000.0114 920 000.0482 022 428.0878 120 188.0 Sensitivity analysisSensitivity analysis revealed that the most sensitive parameters to changes in profitability are the cost of raw materials (±20%), logistics costs (which significantly increase annual operating expenses), and productivity (the volume of boat output) (Fig. 3). A financial planning model was constructed to reflect changes in key indicators with variations in crucial variables.  Fig. 3. Project sensitivity analysis to raw material costs Logistics and risk management Logistics and risk management logistics is a critical element for the successful implementation of the project [10]. A detailed logistics strategy has been developed to ensure uninterrupted supply of raw materials, materials, and equipment, including:1. Selection of optimal suppliers: priority is given to Russian suppliers, which reduces currency and sanctions risks (Table 4).2. Long-term contract strategy: fixing prices and delivery times, especially for critical components.3. Development of a warehouse network: organizing storage warehouses near ports and major logistics centers.4. Reserving strategy: storing reserves of materials and components in case of unforeseen delays.5. Route optimization: utilizing multimodal transportation, including the Northern Sea Route where logistically appropriate. Table 4Approximate list of suppliers of raw materials and equipmentRaw materialSupplierDelivery timesFiberglass and carbon fiberJSC Kamenskvolokno (Kamensk-Shakhtinsky)2-6 weeksResins (epoxy, polyester)JSC Pigment (Tambov), LLC Novochim (Perm)2-5 weeksFillers (sand, aluminum powders)Silicon CJSC (Bratsk)4-8 weeksEnginesPJSC Zvezda (Saint Petersburg), JSC Kolomna Plant (Kolomna)6-12 monthsControl systemsConcern Avtomatika JSC, Research Institute Vector JSC (Saint Petersburg)4-12 monthsElectrical and lighting, navigation equipment, control systemsVarious suppliers3-12 months  To manage risks, a system has been developed that includes:– cargo and property insurance;– reserving critical components;– thorough supplier selection considering their reliability and reputation;– systematic monitoring of the production process and logistics. Business model The optimal business model is a combined approach that includes:1. State contract: production and supply of UBs within the framework of state defense orders, ensuring stable income and financing.2. Turnkey supply and service contracts: providing a full range of services, including development, production, personnel training, warranty, and after-sales service of UBs. This approach ensures flexibility, risk diversification, and business sustainability. The revenue structure is shown in Fig. 4.   Fig. 4. Revenue structure The proposed business model is based on a hybrid approach, encompassing the fulfillment of state defense orders to ensure stable income, and the provision of comprehensive “turnkey” solutions, including development, production, personnel training, and subsequent servicing. This hybrid strategy ensures business resilience, risk diversification, and adaptability to the changing needs of customers in the defense sector. ConclusionThe presented concept of a modular container shipyard for serial production of UBs demonstrates high potential efficiency and competitiveness. It provides:– rapid deployment: the shipyard is ready for operation within 2.5-4 months;– high mobility: relocation to new sites in a short period;– economic efficiency: reduction of capital costs and optimization of operating expenses; – scalability: the ability to increase production capacity in accordance with customer needs.The implementation of this project will create a modern production base for the output of UBs that meets the requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and will make a significant contribution to strengthening the country’s defense capabilities. Further research requires detailing engineering solutions, conducting additional economic calculations, and developing a detailed project management plan.